And it can be wildly used in industry, such as printing lathe, automation assembly. It includes key factors affecting planetary gear vibration such as gyroscopic effects and timevarying stiffness. Solid mechanics tutorial gear systems this work covers elements of the syllabus for the edexcel module 21722p hncd mechanical principles outcome 3. Lightweight design for planetary gear transmissions. How to derive and calculate epicyclic gear ratio equations in.
The sun gear is fixed in the two animations above, while the carrier is free to move. The angular speed of the planet carrier can be found since we know the. A few of the more common ones are shown in the section below. Planetary gear trains are common in industrial, automotive, and aerospace systems. The sun and planet gear converted the vertical motion of a beam, driven by a steam engine, into circular motion using a planet, a cogwheel fixed at the end of the connecting rod connected to the beam of the engine. The center distance of each gear pair of one concept sun planet gear or ring planet gear must be equal using a small number of teeth while also complying with further assembly rules will create a gear set with a number of teeth that meet the desired transmission gear ratio, with only a cer. The sun gear is located at the center, the ring gear is the outermost gear, and the planet gears are the gears surrounding the sun and inside the ring gear. Please start with the tutorial for shaft calculation to see how to introduce geometry and supports for single shafts.
A carrier connected to a drive shaft holds the planet gears. The model admits three planar degrees of freedom for each of the sun, ring, carrier and planets. Following are the different types of gear trains, depending upon the arrangement of wheels. How to i design a planetary gear with a gear ratio of 2. What are the different types sun gears and planet gears. The sun and planet gear is a method of converting reciprocating motion to rotary motion and was used in the first rotative beam engines it was invented by the scottish engineer william murdoch, an employee of boulton and watt, but was patented by james watt in october 1781. In the 2000s, fourgear twoplanetary and fivegear threeplanetary boxes spread around. Planetary gear set an overview sciencedirect topics. With the motion of the beam, this revolved around, and turned, the sun, a second rotating cog fixed to the drive shaft, thus generating rotary motion.
Typically, the planet gears are mounted on a movable arm or carrier, which itself may rotate relative to the sun gear. Jan 09, 2018 the gear ratio formula for two meshing gears is simple and intuitive, while the gear ratio formula for the planetary mechanism is not. The production version of the test gear set uses a 6planet carrier. A zoomin in the region between order 0 and order 6. The ravigneaux gear block represents a planetary gear train with dual sun and planet gear sets. On completion of this short tutorial you should be able to do the following. An epicyclic gear train consists of two gears mounted so that the center of one gear revolves. Pdf design and conduct of precision planetary gear vibration. Pdf despite a large body of analytical work characterizing the. The same gears were used in all the carrier builds.
With the one way roller clutch holding the reverse planet carrier, the reverse planetary gears turn the. The test ring gear was strain gaged according to the schematic shown in fig. Design, analysis and optimization of planetary gearbox. Choosing which piece plays which role determines the gear ratio for the gearset.
For all forward gears, power enters the gear train via the forward annular gear and leaves the gear train by the reverse annular gear. Calculation of a planetary gear train this tutorial shows the usage of mesys shaft calculation with shaft systems. From our study of normal 2gear interactions we know that the amount of traversal is determined by the number of teeth on each gear. In the first three types of gear trains, the axes of the shafts over which the gears are mounted are fixed relative to each other. Sun gear p planet gear r ring gear a a r m ex ampl e. Planet gear article about planet gear by the free dictionary. The input and output axes of a planetary gear system are on a same line. Planetary gears, gear train, is 4460, torque density. The center distance of each gear pair of one concept sun planet gear or ringplanet gear must be equal. One full rotation of the ring gear green arrow results in 0. Now count the number of rotations made by each gear in the lefthand animation. From a kinematic point of view, what sets this mechanism apart is the kinematic constraint set between gear pairs.
Now only the joint 02 is grounded and the system dof 2. Epicyclic gearing or planetary gearing is a gear system consisting of one or more outer gears, or planet gears, revolving about a central, or sun gear. The free planet transmission concept is defined as a planetary gear arrat. It was invented by the scottish engineer william murdoch, an employee of boulton and watt, but was patented by james watt in october 1781. The basic form of a planetary gear system is shown in figure 17. Take a free body diagram of a single planetary gear and you will find that the tangential forces from the ring and the sun are equal and in the same direction on the planet gear and the force through the center of the planet is twice that force. The planet and sun gears mesh so that their pitch circles roll without slip. Introduction planetary gear systems normally consist of a centrally pivoted sun gear, a ring gear, and several planet gears found between the sun gear and ring gear. Subcategories this category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. Structures manual, ikorsky aircxaft, stratford, connecticut.
Analytical characterization of the unique properties of. Let us know about your favorite gear item that you think we should add to planetgearco. The sun and planet gear also called the planet and sun gear was a method of converting reciprocal motion to rotary motion and was utilised in a reciprocating steam engine. With the motion of the beam, this revolved around, and turned, the sun, a larger rotating cog that turned the drive shaft, thus generating rotary motion. The smaller of these gears engages an inner planet gear set, which in turn engages an outer planet gear set.
The center distance of each gear pair of one concept sun planet gear or ringplanet gear must be equal using a small number of teeth while also complying with further assembly rules will create a gear set with a number of teeth that meet the desired transmission gear ratio, with only a cer. The sun gear is located at the center, and transmits torque to the planet gears that orbit around it. The planetary gear train consists of two sun gears, two sets of pinion gears three in each set, two sets of annular internal gears and pinion carriers which support the pinion gears on pins. A typical application is the automatic transmission system of car. Figure 1 below shows a simplified diagram of a planetary geartrain. Other articles where sunandplanet gear is discussed. Therefore the planetary gear trains can be simplified using just a sun gear, ring, and carrier. As the carrier rotates, planets rotate on planet gear shafts while orbiting the sun. The two sun gears are centrally located and separated longitudinally along a common rotation axis. The resulting motion is epicyclic, since the planet makes orbits around the sun. This work develops an analytical model of planetary gears and uses it to investigate their natural frequencies and vibration modes. From our study of normal 2 gear interactions we know that the amount of traversal is determined by the number of teeth on each gear.
Jul 17, 2015 epicyclic gearing or planetary gearing is a gear system consisting of one or more outer gears, or planet gears, revolving about a central, or sun gear. Each of these three components can be the input, the output or can be held stationary. Here, for the bearing of a planet of mass m, c gb f 1 d m r. Finding the gear ratio is somewhat complicated because the planet gears revolve while they rotate. The gear ratio formula for two meshing gears is simple and intuitive, while the gear ratio formula for the planetary mechanism is not. A wide variety of sun gear options are available to you, there are 1,237 suppliers who sells sun gear on, mainly located in asia. The function of the planet gear is to connect the sun gear, planet carrier, and the ring gear together. Analysis of planetary gear transmission in nonstationary operations. The sun gear is located at the center, and transmits torque to the planet gears. Planetary gear is one of the epicyclic gear, which is a gear system consisting of one or more outer gears, or planet gears, revolving about a central, or sun gear. That is to say, the number of teeth in the ring gear is equal to the number of teeth in the middle sun gear plus twice the number of teeth in the planet gears. In this tutorial, we will show you an original and easyto. The angular speed of the planet carrier can be found since we know. Electronic control helped to simplify the hydraulics of automatic gearboxes, and the engineers were free to create new planetary arrangements, and add more gears.
In this case, the planet gears have 12 teeth, the sun gear has 18 and the ring gear has 42 teeth. The sun and planet gear of james watt, actually invented by william murdoch, as a non patentinfringing alternative to the crankshaft for his rotative beam engines. Types of planetary gearsets zoltan levai1 described a total of 34 different types of planetary gearsets that can be constructed. This block models a gear train with sun, planet, and ring gears. Simple planetary gears have one sun, one ring, one carrier, and one planet set. In our example lets assume that there are four planet gears. This anticlockwise rotation of the sun gear causes the reverse planet gears to rotate clockwise. Investigation of advanced helicopter structural designs. Planetary gear with two sun gears and two planet gear sets. Planetary gear design a planetary gear system, also referred to as epicyclic gearing, consists of three elements a sun gear, one or more planet gears, and a ring gear. The sun is the center gear, meshing with the planets, while the carrier houses the planet gear shaft. Planetary kinematics note that point 1 on the planet gear is stationary zero velocity due to noslip assumption note that point 2 on the planet gear has the same velocity as point 2 on the sun gear also due to noslip assumption, which is given by.
Now, industrial applications demands high torque in compact a high torquevolume and light a high torqueweight ratio package. A hypocycloidal crank mechanism with a suntoplanet gear ratio d tutorial. The small sun gear freewheels, and the larger sun gear is held by the overdrive band. Peripheral gears, of the same size, meshed with the sun gear and annulus. A sun gear is a gearwheel in a planetary gear system, that rotates around its own axis and has other gears planet gears that rotate around it. A hypocycloidal crank mechanism with a sun to planet gear ratio d and operated at constant angular frequency can be used to obtain very high impact velocity while maintaining a low impact.
Planetary gears are common in transmission systems, where they provide high gear ratios in compact geometries. A point on the pitch circle of the planet gear traces an epicycloid curve. The sun and planet gear converted the vertical motion of a beam, driven by a steam engine, into circular motion using a planet, a cogwheel fixed at the end of the pumping rod connected to the beam of the engine. Design of machinery an introduction to the synthesis and. Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmasters page for free fun content.
Note that point 2 on the planet gear has the same velocity as point 2 on the sun gear also due to noslip. In this simplified case, the sun gear is fixed and the planetary gears roll around the sun gear. We know that for each turn of the planet tp the planet will travel around the sun npns times taking the carrier with it in the process where np planet gear teeth and ns sun gear teeth. The wear behavior of tungsten carbide with cobalt 12%, planet gear and sun gear materials in different loads of 5n, 10n, 15n and 20 n was studied under dry sliding condition. Gear train with sun, planet, and ring gears matlab. Since the number of planets is a variable in this study, a family of planetary carriers was designed and procured to form 3 to 6planet gear sets. Epicyclic gearing systems also incorporate the use of an outer ring gear or annulus, which. The forward planetary carrier is attached to the output shaft so that the planet gears drive the sun gear instead of walking around the sun gear.
Therefore, it can be seen that a sun gear of 31 not multiple of 4 teeth is not appropriate, but one of 32 multiple of 4 teeth is. In planetary gears, torque density can be increased by adding more planets through multiple gear mesh points. In this simplified case, the sun gear is fixed and the planetary gear s roll around the sun gear. The sun gear fixity was determined by its support stiffness. Internal gear strains and load sharing in planetary. Murdock also experimented with compressed air and in 1803 constructed a steam gun. Figure 932b shows the same gearset with link 1now free to rotate as an arm which connects the two gears. Lets go back to our chart again, this time with the planet carrier for input, the sun gear fixed and the ring gear for output. A twostage planetary gear stage is defined using the program. Usually, it uses two or more planet gears to balance the load evenly. Planet gear for each planet gear, we can write nslr as follows. Epicyclic gearing or planetary gearing is a gear system consisting of one or more outer, or planet, gears or pinions, revolving about a central sun gear or sun wheel. This has become an epicyclic train with a sun gear and a planet gear orbiting around the sun, held in orbit by the arm. It consists of a sun gear a, planet gears b, internal gear c and carrier d.